Background: Determining the motivations behind receiving the COVID-19 vaccination is essential for providing equitable and ethical care. The aim of this study is to assess the COVID-19 vaccine literacy and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine among cancer patients, with a focus on identifying disparities that may inform ethical healthcare practices. Method: This cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 and above who were receiving a treatment for at least one malignancy at a training and research hospital in October of 2022. A total of 198 patients were assessed using the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes Scale and the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale. Results: While every patient had a history of at least one cancer, 88.4% (n=175) of them had at least one COVID-19 vaccine. Patients who were male or older than 60 years old had more positive attitudes about vaccination (p=0.020; p<0.001). Male patients, those with higher education, and those planning to get vaccinated all had higher levels of vaccine literacy (p=0.020; p<0.001; p=0.035). In terms of functional skills related to COVID-19 vaccination literacy, the male patients scored higher than females as well (p=0.020). The age group of 18 to 45 exhibited the highest communication skill ratings, while functional skill scores were the lowest (p=0.044; p=0.035). The additional dose of COVID-19 vaccine was more likely to be administered to those who received pneumococcal or influenza vaccinations. Conclusion: This study highlights the ethical responsibility of healthcare providers and policymakers to ensure equitable access to vaccination and vaccine related information, particularly among vulnerable populations. Identifying the high-risk group for tailored interventions contributes to the more effective and inclusive healthcare practices.