Background Glaucoma requires lifelong topical therapy, making medication adherence a persistent clinical challenge. However, the sociodemographic and clinical factors that influence this relationship are not well established. This study evaluated the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life in glaucoma patients and to identify the clinical and sociodemographic factors influencing this relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study included 78 patients attending routine follow-up at the Glaucoma Unit of a training and research hospital in Istanbul between March 1 and April 30, 2025. Data were collected via face-to-face questionnaires including sociodemographic and clinical questions, the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS), and the Modified GlauQOL-17 Scale. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests were used; significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age was 64.47 ± 8.97 years; 64.1% were female. Mean GMAS and Modified GlauQOL-17 scores were 30.69 ± 3.13 and 55,14 ± 11.18, respectively. 76.9% of participants demonstrated high medication adherence. A moderate positive correlation was found between adherence and quality of life (r = 0.374, p  0,05). Conclusion A significant positive correlation exists between medication adherence and quality of life in glaucoma patients. However, moderate quality-of-life scores despite high adherence suggest adherence alone is insufficient. Psychosocial factors, particularly among female patients and those lacking retirement security, should be incorporated into holistic glaucoma management strategies.